Critical analysis and evaluation of capital punishment as a method of crime control in the U.S.A Free Essay Example, 2000 words

CRITICAL ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION OF CAPITAL PUNISHMENT AS A METHOD OF CRIME CONTROL IN THE U. S.A Abstract The effectiveness of capital punishment as another method of crime control in the United States. Capital punishment would clearly work as a special deterrent. But it may also lead to brutalisation effects in the society. Table of Contents I. Introduction A. The Definition of Capital Punishment†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. B. Contemporary purpose II. Body C. Minimum Age D. Deterrence E. Brutalisation Effect F. Controversy III. Conclusion G. Capital punishment and crime control References†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ I. Introduction A. Definition of Capital Punishment Capital punishment is a legal process where an individual is granted with a death sentence for a crime that he is found to be guilty. The judicial term used for this type of punishment is called the death sentence while the act of killing a criminal in this manner is called the execution. The crime that involves a capital punishment is called a capital crime. The term "Capital" originally means the head and it is used with the context of beheading someone. These types of practices have been prevalent for so many years and there are a number of countries who still practice it while it has been abolished in many other countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Critical analysis and evaluation of capital punishment as a method of crime control in the U.S.A or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Capital punishment would raise a lot of controversy and it has been used by many countries only in an exceptional circumstance. Some of the countries which have still been practising capital punishment would include USA, India, China, Indonesia etc. B. Contemporary purpose Capital punishments are mostly used for drug related offences. They are also used in cases of juvenile disorders and serial killers. Killing of a single serial killer or a psychopath would certainly deter various other crimes caused by them. Capital punishments have received much publicity and it has welcomed lots of criticisms. II. Body A. Deterrence Lots of studies by the economists would prove the links between the capital punishment and crime, without any exceptions. A death sentence granted to a criminal would certainly pave way to prevent subsequent crimes. 1Many political leaders also regard deterrence of crimes as the only reason for implementation of a capital punishment. 2Capital punishment is also considered to be constitutional by the law enforced by the Supreme Court in 1976.

Police Influence on Society - 822 Words

Police Influence on Society Police Influence on Society 1 The relationship between police and minority societies has always been a difficult one with many issues. Before the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960’s African Americans were treated brutally by the police in the United States. African Americans along with other minority groups were often abused by police. Minorities were viewed to have no rights and this treatment was commonplace. This brutal treatment caused individuals of minority groups to distrust and fear the police. Minorities are viewed to be from poor crime ridden neighborhoods and therefore considered to be of the criminal type due to the high rate of crime in poor, minority†¦show more content†¦Decades of harsh and brutal treatment of minorities by the police has caused significant distrust and fear of police. Before the Civil Rights Movement police were allowed to treat Police Influence on Society 3 minorities with as much brutal force and they pleased without fear of reprimand. African Americans were often treated extremely brutally causing them to have the highest levels of distrust and fear of police. Minority neighborhoods have high crime rates, causing the minorities to be viewed as criminals and continuously treated harsher than those of higher social classes and wealthier neighborhoods, who are not considered to be the criminal type and treated with more respect. The relationship between police and minority societies has always been a difficult one with many issues and continues to be strained due to the harsh treatment that is received by police. References MacNamara, R. H., Burns, R. (2009). Multiculturalism in the criminal justice system. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Crenshaw, I. Police Brutality Towards African Americans During the Civil Rights Movement, Prezi, 2011, retrieved from http://prezi.com/4d6rj61s09xi/police-brutality-towards-african-americans-during-civil-rights-movement-in-1963/ Jefferson, B. Attitudes Toward Police, 2013, retrieved from http://yvpc.sph.umich.edu/2013/07/02/attitudes-police-cycle-distrust/ Savali, K. Petition to Fight Back Against PoliceShow MoreRelatedPolice Influence on Society744 Words   |  3 PagesPolice Influence on Society Stephanie Jennings CJA/344 February 11, 2013 Stephen Humphries Police Influence on Society There are different factors when it comes to the police influence on society. The factors can be both negative and positive on society. The police are in the community to protect and serve. The main purpose of law enforcement is to maintain order and to investigate criminal activity in the United States. 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Literature Review on Hybrid Security in Virtual Private Networks

Question: Discuss about the Literature Review on Hybrid Security in Virtual Private Networks. Answer: Introduction VPN is the technology by which information is protected from getting transmitted over the Internet. The unique recognition approaches include finger print recognition, retinal patterns, palm vein technology, voice recognition and face recognition (Mahto Yadav, 2013). These several metrics are related to the characteristics of human beings. This is a type of authentication used needed for the organization for access control and identification. Elliptical curve cryptography is a sub part of public key cryptography that is done on the basis of the structure of algebra of the elliptic curves over the finite fields. It needs various smaller keys in comparison to all the non-ECC for providing security. In this literature review, the discussion is made on the topic that why biometric and ECC are better than other VPN security. They help to mitigate the security issues by using the unique technologies. This paper will provide good methods to secure the confidential data and maintain the confidentiality of an organization. This literature review will also discuss about the innovative ways to utilize this system. The literature review does not provide any innovative recommendation about biometric system and elliptical curve cryptography. Rather, the review describes the existing best technologies of biometric and elliptical curve cryptography (Ramalho, Correia Soares, 2012). Most of the sources provided in the following paper states about the advantages of biometric, ECC, and disadvantages of the other VPN securities. Review: Field of Research The main aim of this literature review is to understand the basic concept of hybrid security in virtual private network. Virtual private networks do have some problems in their security. Biometric system and elliptical curve cryptography together constitute the best possible security methods that are useful to any organization. The security breaches or attacks occur only when a hacker or intruder tries to hack into the information system or the organization. According to Yadav, (2015), a VPN or virtual private network is an extension of a public network, which allows the users to receive and send the data in the public and the shared networks just like their devices were connected to the private network. The benefit of this VPN is the security, functionality and management policies of the private network. There are three major components of VPN. They are the authentication header, the encapsulating security payload and the internet key exchange. Rahimi Zargham, (2012) state that a virtual tunnel is a link between two locations in the Internet. When a sender sends a message or a data to a receiver in another location, the VPN tunnel comes into account. VPN tunnel is extremely safe and secured for transferring a sensitive data. This is mainly used for encryption of a TCP/IP connection to a server from an application. Most applications are based on the server and client protocol and they have to connect to the data for accessing the data. The VPN tunnel makes the connection easier and makes the communication secure. According to Funk, (2015), there are several types of VPN protocols. The protocols are IPSec, L2TP, point to point tunneling protocol, secure sockets layer and transport layer security, open VPN and secure shell or SSH. The IPSec is used to secure the communication of Internet across an IP network. The L2TP is combined with other VPN security protocol to generate a secured connection. The PPTP creates a VPN tunnel and the data packet in encapsulated. Main function of this protocol is the encryption of data. The SSL and TLS create a connection in VPN where the client is the browser. These protocols are mostly used in online shopping sites. Open VPN is used for generating the site-to-site and point-to-point connections. It is utilized as the custom security protocol. SSH generates a VPN tunnel, from which the data is transferred and the tunnel is protected. There are two types of VPN authentication methods that are used to secure the IPSec VPN tunnel. According to Mahto Yadav, (2013), VPN security provides good security system to any system. However, the problem in VPN is that the Point to point protocol is prone to brute force attack. This is dangerous to the information system. This problem can be solved with the help of biometric and cryptography. The famous RSA asymmetric cryptography is completely based on software and hardware. This type of algorithm requires to store the secret keys. Weak passwords protect these keys. There is a high chance of brute force attacks in this type of cryptographic algorithm. This is the main disadvantage of this cryptography. The elliptical curve cryptography solves this particular problem. The contactless palm vein biometric system greater security with less key length and there is no requirement for storing any private key anywhere. This combination of biometric system with elliptical curve cryptography aims to generate and share a secret key without the transmission of any private key so tha t nobody is able to access the key except the users. The elliptical curve cryptosystem describes the biometric system using the vein of the palm of an individual. Kahate, (2013) states that Internet Key Exchange or IKE is a protocol that is utilized to set a security association in VPN. For authentication purpose, IKE utilizes X.509 certificates either distributed or pre shared utilizing DNS or to set a shared session secret by the Diffie Hellman key exchange. Yoon Yoo, (2013) states that the conventional single server authentication of VPN approaches undergo a major drawback. When a user wishes to utilize several services of network,, the user has to register himself in those servers. For this particular problem, many multi server authentication approaches are proposed. However, these approaches are not secured from cryptographic attacks. This paper proposes the very efficient and secured the multi server authentication. This biometric authentication is done with smart cards on ECC to mitigate the hash operation complexities within the users. It will provide an extremely strong authentication function of a user. According to Yeh et al., (2013), the remote access virtual private network secures the network from remote locations. However, there is a high chance that this network can be breached. Biometric and ECC can stop the network from being breached. There are three factors that are used for user authentication by providing the privacy of biometric data with the help of robust elliptical curve cryptography. The three factors for this particular authentication are the passwords, smart cards and biometrics. However, it is observed that this authentication scheme is often vulnerable to any type of insider attack. The passwords can be hacked and intruders can steal the smart cards. According to Ramalho, Correia Soares, (2012), the main disadvantage of VPN is that it is extremely cost effective. Biometric and ECC are simple solution to this problem. They are not at all expensive. The best three biometric identifications are with hand. They are the hand geometry, palm print and finger surfaces. These three biometric identifications help to secure the system with cryptographic curves. Hand geometry is one of the fastest and safest technologies for securing and unique identification of individuals. Palm print is another common and simple way of identification using cryptography. Rao, Rao Rao, (2012), states that finger print is the best solution for biometric with elliptical curve cryptography. It is not possible to take any other persons finger print and thus is extremely safe and secured technology. Finger print is a unique biometric parameter, which when is combined with cryptography forms the safest and the secured hybrid virtual private network. Other Reviews According to Yoon Yoo (2014), a user generated a VPN connection with corporate server of VPN. When the encryption is done in the VPN connection, dial up networking connection is not required between the server and the client. However, this current system is not at all safe and secure as there is a chance that the hacker will get the details of the network. Recently several schemes are proposed for safe and secure networks and communication with the help of WSNs or wireless sensor networks. This is the new biometric based authenticated key agreement scheme. This wireless sensor network provides a secured network to the user. Salas, (2013) states that the problems of virtual private network security can be solved with the help of smart card. This smart card is created using ECC encryption and biometrics. A smart card is a simple card made of plastic that has a in built microprocessor and are utilized to perform several transactions. When the transactions were previously done using the virtual private network, the security was not up to the mark. Many breaching cases were registered worldwide as the network in virtual private network is open. Biometric and elliptical curve cryptography has brought the solution of smart card. Smart card secures the transaction and there is no chance that the intruder can hack into the systems. Althobaiti Aboalsamh, (2012) state thatElliptic Curve Cryptography or ECC usage is with smaller key to give high security and high speed in a low bandwidth. ECC is considered as the best method for upcoming applications. This review presents the idea of biometric signature, which is a new method to combine biometrics with public key infrastructure or PKI; the security can be increased using the ECC in biometric signature creation, because the private and public keys are produced without sending and saving any of the secret information anywhere. According to Mahalakshmi Sriram, (2013) a Virtual Private Network has several disadvantages as if it enables IP spoofing. The other disadvantage is the IP address of the user is blacklisted often due to the action of any other user of VPN. An ECC based multi biometric system stops this type of attack. This particular security system stops the spoofing of IP and the IP address is not blacklisted. Moreover, any other user cannot access the VPN when it is in use. The pictorial representation of the combination of biometric and ECC algorithm is given below: Fig 1: Combination of Biometric System and ECC The above diagram describes the basic algorithm of the biometric and ECC where A is the sender and B is the receiver. There are nine steps in this algorithm. They are as follows: i) At first the connection from A to B is requested. ii) In the second step, B acknowledges back. iii) Next, A sends an authentication request. iv) After this step, B shares the ECC key with A. v) In this step, A acknowledges back that the key is received. If the response is, negative there will be a disconnection. vi) If the response is positive, A will send a bio authentication request. vii) In this step, B will send the acknowledgement and the shared key to access. viii) In the eighth step, A will send an acknowledgement. ix) Finally, in the last step, the connection will be accessed. Once the connection is done, it is sent to the VPN tunnel. Current Best Solution According to Li et al., (2012), the best solution for the combination of biometric system and elliptical curve cryptography is the fingerprint recognition. The user has to scan his fingerprints in the biometric machine and thus the identification and verification is done. The main advantages of this type of biometric and ECC combination is that there is no chance of false and fake recognition. No finger prints are similar and the hacker cannot fake an users finger print. This type of combination is extremely secured and can be easily installed in any organization. The other advantage of this type of recognition is that it records time. There is a micro controller present in the system that records and authenticates the system. Fig 2: Block Diagram of the Finger Print Model The above diagram clearly defines the block diagram of a finger print model which is controlled by a micro controller. There is a module that takes the fingerprint and if wrong person gets into the system, a security alarm notifies. However, this system does have some drawbacks. The main drawback is the constant supply of electricity. Without electricity, the fingerprint model cannot work. Another major limitation of this system is that it accepts absolute accuracy. If the hands are sweaty or has any kind of injury, the fingerprint machine does not accept it. In spite of these limitations, fingerprint is accepted by all users and is considered as the safest technology. Conclusion Therefore, from the above discussion it can be concluded that, virtual private network is one of the safest technology for securing the network. However, it has some disadvantages like cost and complexity. The combination of biometric and elliptical curve cryptography is the answer for this problem. VPN is the technology by which information is protected from getting transmitted over the Internet. It allows the users to establish a private and virtual tunnel to enter a network safely, by accessing data, resources and communications by an insecure network. This sometimes becomes a huge problem for security. Biometric system helps to resolve the problems related to security in an organization. This is a type of verification of an individual through which that person is uniquely recognized by the evaluation of few identifying biological traits. Cryptography will transform the data in a confidential way so that there is no chance that the data will be in the hands of the hacker or intrud er. Moreover, this paper also describes about biometric system and elliptical curve cryptography in such a form that there exists no loophole in the system of security. The main advantage of these technologies is that the system will be unavailable to any individual, who does not have that particular biological trait. The above literature review discusses about the innovative ways to utilize this system. The best solution for this combination is the finger print system. The review provides a simple model of finger print system with proper justifications. The major limitations of this system include its constant supply of electricity and any kind of injury and roughness is not accepted by this system. References Althobaiti, O. S., Aboalsamh, H. A. (2012, December). An enhanced elliptic curve cryptography for Biometric. InComputing and Convergence Technology (ICCCT), 2012 7th International Conference on(pp. 1048-1055). IEEE. Funk, A. Virtual Private Network. Kahate, A. (2013).Cryptography and network security. Tata McGraw-Hill Education. Li, P., Yang, X., Qiao, H., Cao, K., Liu, E., Tian, J. (2012). An effective biometric cryptosystem combining fingerprints with error correction codes.Expert Systems with Applications,39(7), 6562-6574. Mahalakshmi, U., Sriram, V. S. (2013). An ECC based multibiometric system for enhancing security.Indian Journal of Science and Technology,6(4), 4299-4305. Mahto, D., Yadav, D. K. (2013, January). Network security using ECC with Biometric. InInternational Conference on Heterogeneous Networking for Quality, Reliability, Security and Robustness(pp. 842-853). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Rahimi, S., Zargham, M. (2012). Analysis of the security of VPN configurations in industrial control environments.International Journal of Critical Infrastructure Protection,5(1), 3-13. Ramalho, M. B., Correia, P. L., Soares, L. D. (2012). Hand-based multimodal identification system with secure biometric template storage.IET computer vision,6(3), 165-173. Rao, B. R., Rao, E. K., Rao, S. R. (2012). Finger Print Parameter Based Cryptographic Key Generation.International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) ISSN, 2248-9622. Salas, M. (2013). A secure framework for OTA smart device ecosystems using ECC encryption and biometrics. InAdvances in Security of Information and Communication Networks(pp. 204-218). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. Yadav, S. (2015). Virtual Private Network. Yeh, H. L., Chen, T. H., Hu, K. J., Shih, W. K. (2013). Robust elliptic curve cryptography-based three factor user authentication providing privacy of biometric data.IET Information Security,7(3), 247-252. Yoon, E. J., Yoo, K. Y. (2013). Robust biometrics-based multi-server authentication with key agreement scheme for smart cards on elliptic curve cryptosystem.The Journal of supercomputing,63(1), 235-255. Yoon, E. J., Yoo, K. Y. (2014, March). A biometric-based authenticated key agreement scheme using ECC for wireless sensor networks. InProceedings of the 29th Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing(pp. 699-705). ACM.

Sexual Assault an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Sexual Assault The idea that sexual assault is treated with less severity than other violent crimes has been drawing attention sense the 1960s. This study addresses the question of whether sexual assault offenders were treated differently than other violent offenders. The authors were also trying to discover what affect race had on the decisions made by the criminal justice system. Overall they found that minorities are generally treated less harshly for sexual assault than whites, but they also found that for other violent crimes such as murder, robbery and assault minorities faced more stringent penalties. Need essay sample on "Sexual Assault" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed The authors chose to do this research because they were concerned with the idea that sexual assault was not treated with the appropriate level of severity. Previous research had been pided into two schools of thought; the consensus theorist and the conflict theorists. The consensus theorists assumed that the law was a neutral body and that it applies to all equally. Hunt (1980) says that most people in society agree with what is and what is not a crime and further they believe that crime occurs regardless of offenders social, economic, or racial background. One of the other studies represented in this article was that of the conflict theorist R. Quinney (1970). He believed that crime is defined by the upper classes and is not agreed upon by the general population. He presented the idea that the criminal justice system protects and maintains distinctions between the class and races. His research though, found enough contradictions that it cast doubt on the validity of his study. Lotz and Hewitt (1997) attempted to break away from the two classical fields of thought. They developed five models which he used to analyze how legal and extra legal information affects the decisions of the criminal justice system. His models represented different schools of thought like the consensus and conflict theories as well as a mix of both. His models showed that there are some factors like race and age that affected how people were treated. Polk (1985) wanted to know if it was only in cases of sexual assault that minorities were treated differently or if it was that all crimes were treated harsher if the offender was black. He found that sexual assault was treated with more severity than robbery and assault but less than murder. Bullock (1961) had also found that African Americans received shorter sentences for sexual assaults than Whites, but longer sentences for murder and assault. LaFrees (1980) study showed that African Americans who attacked white people served longer sentences then those whose victims were white. When the authors set about this project they noted the lack of comparison between sexual assault cases and other violent crimes. They also were aware that the sample size used was usually too small. Many of the studies only examined one jurisdiction. Many of the other studies also only looked at sentencing outcomes as the measure of the criminal justice system. The authors decided to instead look at five different stages of the criminal processing system. They looked at 56,781 felony offenders from some of the most populated urban areas in the United States. From those felons they chose males whose race was known and who had been charged with murder, attempted murder, sexual assault, robbery and assault. This study had five dependent variables; was there pre-trial release, was the arrest charge maintained, what was the case outcome, what was the type of sentence they were given and how long they were incarcerated for. They used the National Pre-Trial Reporting Program (NPRP) to obtain the data for the felons they used. The independent variables they controlled for were the year of the arrest, the type of crime committed, how many crimes the felon had been part of in the past, whether the offender was on a pre-trial release at the time he committed the offense and what was the ethnicity and ages of the offender. They ran their data through a logistical regression to measure the outcome. Their results showed that there were biases in the criminal justice system. The results agreed with the research done by Lotzs and Hewitts (1997). One of the models presented by Lotz and Hewitt that said that class and racial status does come into the criminal justice system on multiple levels this was confirmed by the data presented here. This study found that sexual assault offenders were more likely to be White than African American and Whites were treated harsher than other minority groups. Sexual assault offenders also had a 74 percent chance of not obtaining a pre-trial release. The criminal history was also less for sexual offenders compared to murders, robbers and regular assault offenders. The age of sexual culprits was much higher than for perpetrators of other violent crimes. They found that murderers were given the longest sentences, followed by sexual offenders and robbers. Most sexual offenders were sentenced to around 7.9 years compared to 187 months for murder. Sexual offenders did serve more time than either robbers or people charged with regular assault. In terms of race Hispanics and Asians were less likely to be thrown in jail than Whites and African Americans for violent crimes. They found that African Americans and Hispanics were less likely than Whites to be found guilty for sexual assaults. Conversely Hispanics and African Americans, the minority groups, were more likely to be convicted of the other violent crimes. They found that race also played a role in whether people were granted pre-trial release. Asians and Hispanics were less likely to be detained than Whites and African Americans who had similar chances of being detained. They also noticed that those people who were convicted for sexual assault victimized people of their own race more than others. Out of the African American rapists who were incarcerated, they discovered that most had hurt white women. These results suggested to the authors that minority women are less valued than White women. Because of this they feel that changes need to take place within the system. Desensitization to ethnicity should come to the fore front of training programs within the criminal justice system. It appears that not enough care is given to making sure that victims are treated equally when it comes to punishing their offenders. Without a change in the system a message is being sent that minority victims are not worth as much as their White counterparts; this cannot continue. More research seems needed before the hypothesis that the criminal justice system is devaluing minority victims can be verified, but this study does bring to light many interesting ideas. There also should be a standard set of guidelines for what type of crimes allow pre-trial release because this study showed that many of the offenders were out on pre-trial release for similar crimes. Overall this paper presented the data necessary to give conflict theories validity and shows that investigation is needed to determine the causes of the discrepancies between the races in regards to sexual assault. References Reviewed Article: Maxwell, Christopher, Post, Lori, Robinson, Amanda, 2003. The impact of race on the adjudication of sexual assault and other violent crimes. Journal of Criminal Justice 31: 523-538. Available at Science Direct. Com. Retrieved on April 3, 2006 from www.sciencedirect.com Bullock, l. M., 1961. Significance of the racial factor in the length of prison sentence. Journal of Criminal Law Criminology, and Police Science, 52: 411-417. Hunt, A., 1980. The radical critique of law: An assessment. International Journal of the Sociology of Law, 8: 33-46. LaFree, G.D., 1980. The effect of sexual stratification by race on official reactions to rape. Social Problems, 28: 582-594. Lotz, R. and Hewitt, J.D., 1997. The influence of legally irrelevant factors on felony sentencing. Sociological Inquiry, 47: 39-48. Polk, K., 1985. Rape reform and criminal justice processing. Crime and Delinquency, 31: 191-205. Quinney, R., 1970. The social reality of crime. Boston: Little and Brown.

Are You The Only Person on LinkedIn without a RESUME

Are You The Only Person on LinkedIn without a RESUME There’s no real situation where not having a resume is acceptable these days. You want to be ready to go, with a sheet of paper to back you up, if you need to let someone know about your career history and accomplishments. There are too many steps in the hiring process now to rely on that friend you worked with one time will be able to hook you up with your next incoming gig. Practice framing every project you work on- whether you’re a copywriter or a graphic designer, a marketing consultant or a specialized salesperson- in language someone can understand. You need a position title, company, location, description of work, and dates the work was performed for every single one!Here are some professionals who often don’t have resumes and need to get with the program:Long TermersPeople who’ve been in the same job for a while and would be willing to move on, even if they’re not actually looking. You need to be ready if the next great opportunity comes al ong.Business OwnersEven if you’re an entrepreneur with your own name on the door, clients may want to see who you’ve worked with or approach you about collaborating.New ParentsWhether you’re tag-teaming the double-earner lifestyle or one of you has decided on child-rearing full time, odds are you still have some projects filling your precious free time. Volunteer involvement, blogging, photography, project management- even if the volume isn’t what you were used to pre-baby, demonstrating continuity of work can be crucial to rejoining the workforce full-time once the kiddo is back in school.Literally Everyone†¦ Yes, YouSome day you will be searching for work again. Make updating or customizing your resume at 10-minute task instead of a multi-hour search and rescue mission. Keep it live and up-to-date on LinkedIn, accessible as a Google doc and pdf, and retain a copy of every version in case you need to go back for a specific bit of experience. Future you will thank current you.  Why Everyone Needs A Resume – Even YOU  Read More at Careerealism

Physical Sexual And Emotional Abuse Of Children Social Work Essay Essays

Physical Sexual And Emotional Abuse Of Children Social Work Essay Essays Physical Sexual And Emotional Abuse Of Children Social Work Essay Essay Physical Sexual And Emotional Abuse Of Children Social Work Essay Essay The slaughter of the inexperienced person is increasing each twenty-four hours, and the public witnesses the act, yet does non come to the assistance of the kids. Childs are being physically, sexually, and emotionally abused by both aliens and familiar faces. Obvious marks of maltreatment are shown, but some are excessively afraid to inform the constabulary section or other organisations that will maintain kids safe. This leads to emotional or physical harm to the kid, even decease. All maltreatment is non obvious to others unless they are a portion of the family. For those who survive maltreatment, non-profit organisations are at that place to assist them get the better of this test in their life. Non-profit organisations can assist forestall physical, sexual, and emotional kid maltreatment, or help a kid who has been abused in order to salvage them from psychological unwellness and jobs with society. The types of kid maltreatment in the universe today are physical, emotional, and sexual. Physical kid maltreatment is the 2nd most often reported signifier of kid maltreatment. It accounts for 25 per centum of all instances of kid maltreatment ( MedicineNet ) . Physical kid maltreatment is physical hurt inflicted upon the kid with barbarous and/or malicious purpose. Physical maltreatment can be the consequence of punching, whipping, kicking, biting, combustion, agitating, or harming a kid physically. ( MedicineNet ) Emotional kid maltreatment is the 3rd most often reported signifier of kid maltreatment. It accounts for 17 per centum of all instances of kid maltreatment ( MedicineNet ) . Emotional kid maltreatment includes Acts of the Apostless of committee or skip by the parents and other health professionals that could do the kid to hold terrible behavioural, emotional, or mental upset ( MedicineNet ) . In instances of emotional maltreatment, the Acts of the Apostless of parents, without any injury evident in the kid s behaviour or status, are sufficient to justify the intercession of kid protective services ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . An illustration of emotional kid maltreatment is when parents or health professionals use utmost signifiers of penalty, such as imprisonment of a kid in a dark cupboard. Another signifier of kid maltreatment is sexual kid maltreatment. Sexual kid maltreatment is a signifier of maltreatment in which an grownup or older stripling uses a kid for sexual stimulation. In the web article Child Abuse and Neglect: Recognizing and Preventing Child Abuse, it states that the types of sexual kid maltreatment contains indecorous exposure of the genitalias to a kid, exposing erotica to a kid, inquiring or coercing a kid to prosecute in sexual activities, irrespective if the act is completed or non, physical contact with the kid s genitalias, except during a medical test, sexual contact against a kid, screening of the kid s genital organ without physical contact, except during a medical test, or utilizing a kid to bring forth child erotica ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . These lay waste toing Acts of the Apostless may go forth the kid psychologically sick, physically injured, or dead. In order to forestall these state of affairss, information on the features of all three signifiers of kid maltreatment is needed. Common features of parents that physically abuse their kids are: holding low defeat tolerance, impaired rearing accomplishments, a sense of incompetency in parenting, a history of maltreatment, and unrealistic outlooks of kids. They besides express choler unsuitably and are isolated socially ( Fennell A ; Anne p.1 ) . In Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Nursing, Fennell and Anne give a quotation mark from Bredehoft, an person who describes the features of opprobrious parents. He states, A parent who comes from a dysfunctional household ; abuses drugs or intoxicant ; is intellectually low operation ; has emotional unwellness or important physical unwellness, history of illegal activities, matrimonial jobs, been investigated for kid maltreatment or disregard ; a kid with important behaviour jobs or wellness jobs ; inadequate support system for the household ; several immature kids in the place ; important fond regard jobs between the parent and the kid ; grounds of force i n the place ; and/or fiscal emphasis. This information is of import in order to try to forestall physical kid maltreatment. Without this cognition, the kid will endure. The longer the physical maltreatment continues, the more serious the effects will go. Child Abuse and Neglect: Recognizing and Preventing Child Abuse states, Short term effects of kid maltreatment include instantaneous hurting, agony and medical jobs in some instances, or even decease caused by physical hurt. Emotional effects besides are the effects of physical kid maltreatment. It includes choler, ill will, fright, anxiousness, humiliation, lowered self-esteem and inability to show feelings ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . Last, behavioural jobs are effects of physical kid maltreatment. Children become aggressive towards others or suicidal behaviours, overactive, enable to organize friendly relationships with equals and hapless societal accomplishments, and besides poorer cognitive and linguistic communication accomplishments than non-abused kids ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . The long term effects are what may take kids astray. Long term effects of kid maltreatment include physical and psychological jobs such as long term physical disablements. Examples are encephalon harm or oculus harm. Another long term affect would be disordered interpersonal relationships, for illustration, trouble swearing others within big relationships or violent relationships, a sensitivity to emotional perturbation, feelings of low ego regard, depression, an increased potency for kid maltreatment as a parent, and drug or intoxicant maltreatment ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . These effects will do the kid as an grownup to hold troubles in society. They are most likely to hold jobs with employment, have mental unwellnesss, commit offenses, and perchance go homeless. With intercession and placing the state of affairs the possibility that the high hazard of meeting these effects will diminish, and it will be easier for the kid to retrieve. Sixty-seven per centum of kids or striplings are 17 and under ( Prevent Child Abuse NY ) . In order to forestall sexual kid maltreatment, society must separate and respond upon the state of affairs. Sexual maltreatment does non ever occur upon contact. Exposing a kid to sexual state of affairss or stuff is sexual maltreatment. Many believe that misss are the lone gender at hazard of being sexually abused, but male childs are at hazard every bit good. Child sexual maltreatment is chilling, but it is even scarier to cognize that most sexual maltreatment is committed by grownups or older striplings that the kid knows and should be able to swear. For illustration, statistics show 93 per centum know their maltreater, 34 per centum abused are by household member, and 59 per centum are abused by person trusted by the household ( Prevent Child Abuse NY ) . Shame and guilt are the general effects of sexual maltreatment among kids. They frequently consider that in some manner they are responsible for the maltreatment. This can take to self-loathing and sexual jobs as they grow older. Children that are sexually abused are frequently either overly promiscuous or unable to hold intimate dealingss as an grownup ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . The shame of sexual maltreatment makes it really hard for kids to come frontward. They may worry that others will non believe them, will be angry with them, or that it will do struggle in their household. Because of these troubles, false accusals of sexual maltreatment are non common. In order to assist forestall sexual maltreatment, many organisations supply a list of warning marks. Prevent Child Abuse gives warnings of a sexually abused kid, Having problem walking or sitting, shows knowledge or involvement in sexual Acts of the Apostless inappropriate to his or her age, or even seductive behaviour, makes strong attempts to avoid a specific individual, without an obvious ground, does non desire to alter apparels in forepart of others or take part in physical activities, an STD or gestation, particularly under the age of 14, and runs off from place. ( Prevent Child Abuse NY ) Sticks and rocks may interrupt my castanetss but words will neer ache me. At a immature age many kids are taught this phrase in order to educate them non to be concerned with what others articulate. Contrary to this old expression, emotional maltreatment can badly damage a kid s mental wellness or societal development, go forthing wombs of emotional kid maltreatment are: Changeless denigration, shaming, and mortifying a kid naming names and doing negative comparings to others, stating a kid he or she is no good, worthless, bad, or a error, frequent shouting, endangering, or intimidation, disregarding or rejecting a kid as penalty, giving him or her the soundless intervention, limited physical contact with the kid, no clinchs, busss, or other marks of fondness, and exposing the kid to force or the maltreatment of others, whether it be the maltreatment of a parent, a sibling, or even a pet ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . Warning marks of emotional maltreatment consist of overly withdrawn, fearful, or anxiousness about making something incorrect, or demoing extremes in behaviour ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . For illustration, the kid will be highly obedient or highly demanding ; highly inactive or highly aggressive, does non look to be attached to the parent or health professional, and acts either unsuitably grownup, taking attention of other kids, or unsuitably childish are besides marks of emotional maltreatment ( Saisan, Smith, A ; Segal ) . Emotional Abuse earnestly interferes with a kid s cognitive, emotional, psychological or societal development. Douglas Besharov provinces in Acknowledging Child Abuse: A Guide for the Concerned, Emotional maltreatment is an assault on the kid s mind, merely as physical maltreatment is an assault on the kid s organic structure ( Besharov ) . Danya Glaser finds that emotional maltreatment can be more strongly prognostic of subsequent damages in the kids s development than the badness of physical maltreatment ( Glaser ) . Surveies have shown that an baby who is badly deprived of basic emotional nurturance, can neglect to boom and can finally decease. Babies with less terrible emotional want can turn into dying and insecure kids who are slow to develop and who have low self-prides. Although the seeable marks of emotional maltreatment in kids can be hard to observe, the concealed cicatrixs of this type of maltreatment grows in legion behavioural ways, such as insecurity, hapless self-esteem, destructive behaviour, angry Acts of the Apostless, backdown, hapless development of basic accomplishments, intoxicant or drug maltreatment, self-destruction, trouble organizing relationships and unstable occupation histories. Emotionally abused kids turn up believing that they are lacking in some manner. This will go a rhythm where the kid that was abused will mistreat their kid when they are older. Child maltreatment has increased over the old ages, and so hold the non-profit organisations to assist kids that have been abused. One such organisation is Kids In Total Health. This organisation was created, in 1995, by two female parents that realize the importance of assisting abused kids take back their childhood. This plan helps raise kids s ego regard and motivates them so that they have the tools to develop entire mental, emotional, and physical wellness. Their plans include gymnastic exercises, soldierly humanistic disciplines, guitar lessons, voice lessons, and summer cantonment. This organisation besides pushes persons to assist others that are abused by informing them so they are able to assist. Their mission statement is, Kids In Total Health ( KITH ) is giving abused kids back a piece of their stolen childhood, by allowing their wants. KITH offers plans that raise self esteem, helps to actuate the kid which gives them the tools necessary to develop entire mental, physic al and emotional wellness. As a charity we provide both fiscal and emotional support to the kid and households of abused kids, so that they may mend. KITH besides has a direct impact on the kid s ability to execute better in school, place, and in society. KITH is aiming our young person that needs a small something particular so that they someday can state I am non a victim, I am a subsister. This statement gives hope and encouragement to those who have been abused. It besides informs them that it is clip to take back their artlessness that was stolen from them long ago. During my research I came across narratives of kids being sexually, physically, and emotionally abused. In February 2009, a female parent in Dallas, Texas, was charged with disregard after her nine-year-old died from complications of diabetes after she failed to assist her manage her disease. In June 2008, a female parent in North Central Texas had her three kids taken off because of a instance of Munchausen syndrome by placeholder ( Iannelli ) . In January 2009, two parents in Dallas, Texas, were charged with mistreating their six-month-old baby so badly that he was in intensive attention and it was thought that he was non traveling to be able to retrieve. Besides a female parent s fellow was charged with the decease of her six-year-old boy ( Iannelli ) . In December 2008, a male parent was charged with the decease of his three-month-old baby who was found unresponsive, with bone breaks and liver lacerations ( Iannelli ) . February 2009, a male parent in Lodi, California, was charge d with physical maltreatment after a school employee noticed and reported Burnss on a six-year old pupil, which were thought to hold been inflicted by a apparels Fe. She had besides been beaten with a stick and her female parent was charged with child hazard. In the same month a female parent and her live-in fellow in Janesville, Wisconsin, were charged with maltreatment after repeatedly hitting her three-year-old girl to the point that she required exigency encephalon surgery. Besides is this month a fellow of a kid s female parent in Wilmington, Delaware, hit and killed a 16-month old miss because she would nt halt weeping ( Iannelli ) . In January 2009, in Fall River, Massachusetts, a female parent was charged with firing her four-year-old surrogate boy with a curling Fe, doing third-degree Burnss that required tegument transplant surgery ( Iannelli ) . These are merely a few narratives of kids being abused. In the universe today, some kid maltreatment goes unreported, and others are reported to late. Society is needed to halt kid maltreatment and salvage our artlessnesss. Maltreatment happens every twenty-four hours. The slaughter of the artlessness continues. There are non-profit organisations that are willing to assist kids in demand of love and attention, but without acknowledging the marks of maltreatment they are unable to assist. Even though I merely gave one organisation there are 1000000s out at that place such as: Rescue Me Service Center, Free Art for Abused Children, Bikers Against Child Abuse, and Dreamcatchers for Abused Children, and many more. Even though is highly hard to forestall maltreatment, it is non hard to assist a kid after that horrific act is over.

Morphology and Behaviour of White-handed gibbon, Grey Titi Monkey and Essay - 1

Morphology and Behaviour of White-handed gibbon, Grey Titi Monkey and the Gorilla - Essay Example They are mainly frugivorous, mainly feeding on ripe fruit from tropical trees and woody climbers. Flowers, leafy plants and insects form part of their food. Where territories overlap, food sources are shared. Their behavior involves intraspecific communication, using vocalization which consists of duetting between breeding females and males. A territoriality function, the duets serve as signals to neighbors posing threats. As they are arboreal, the physical and vocal interactions during the retreat to sleeping trees for the minimization of predator risk. Mostly monogamous, they live in groups of 2 to 6 and a female produces a single offspring approximately every 3.5 years. About a rabbit’s size, they are medium-sized to small primates. Prehensility is absent in their bodies, and are also not sexually dimorphic, exhibiting the difference between males and females. Body coloration and pelage includes a seemingly shaggy fur. Dorsal surfaces of some species often have a lighter shade in contrast to the rest of the body, while some have a fairly uniform color. Sometimes, the tail is in contrast to the rest of the body, with some species having ear tufts that contrast. It moves quadrupedally and also by leaping. Predominantly frugivorous, they mainly feed on plants and eat numerous species of plants and fruits. Primatologists have named them as strongly omnivorous, feeding on both plants and flesh including butterflies, moths, spiders, cocoons, and ants. They are diurnal, remaining awake and active until sunset. Gron notes that titi monkeys avoid other primates if possible, as they are often chased from food sources by the larger sympatric primates.  

Conference And Exhibition Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Conference And Exhibition Management - Essay Example Generally, conference buyers are the event organizers or planners who purchase or employ event-related commodities or services (e.g. venues, specialist services) (Rogers 34). In the conference industry, there are two major kinds of conference buyers: the corporate buyers and the association buyers. Corporate buyers, as the name suggests, are buyers and organizers of corporate events for a financial gain (Rogers 34). The association buyers, on the contrary, work for not-for-profit organizations and merely rare are those who hold events with the purpose of benefiting financially from such events (Rogers 45). However there is also another kind of conference buyer: academic buyers. Academic buyers are those who plan for academic conferences such as the 2010 Museums and Heritage Conference. Academic conferences are usually an interaction among researchers in a specific field of study (Caroll-Clark). The 2010 Museums and Heritage Conference will mostly constitute delegates who are from universities to convene about one social and educational purpose - preserving and conserving museums and the heritage. Therefore the University of Bright People falls under the context of academic buyers. Since the conference is academic, the venue may not be luxurious however not inferior of taste to suit the varying preferences of the students, academics and industrialists. The venue is where the participants will be able to interact with each other; meet new acquaintances and/or opportunities for trade (Marx, et al. 15). The following are the criteria for selecting the conference venue. The delegates should be able to access the location without hassles so the conference site must not be hard to locate on the map. Otherwise, it is best recommended that the venue be a common knowledge to all, or in a word, popular. The conference venue should be able to accommodate at least 350

Free

Free Will and Determination Essay Do you make your own choices or your destiny has been decided for you by circumstances behind your control? For thousands of years, this question has puzzled philosophers, scientist and anyone who thinks about how they choose to act and live. Part of the complexity of the matter is related to the metaphysical nature of the subject which has a close affinity with the concept of GOD. Some people think that Everything that happens in nature and life is predetermined. Morality, love, hate and free will is just an illusion(Ward, 2005) while others think, human beings have an absolute and total freedom to enjoy all the deeds and actions unconstrained by any external forces, fate or divine intervention ( Sadegh, 2011). There are at least three main approaches to the problem of free will and determinism. First is deterministic approach. Determinists main idea is that all events are caused and the caused events are never free, (Ward, 2005). The future state of things can be explained and predicted by knowing the current state of the things and the way they are affected by the work of natural laws, (Ward, 2005). This approach implies that the urge to eat, for example, is governed by our internal need and the search for food is also a natural reaction to this need. When a person is on a diet and limits his food intakes at the time of hunger, the deterministic view explains that this restriction is not by choice but it is a natural response to the health concern. To make things more complicated, if the person fails to follow his diet and fall off the wagon, the failure is attributed to the winning of the hunger force over health conscious force. The Libertarianism approach on the other hand, recognizes free will, and the ability to make choices unconstrained by forces such as physical laws, fate and divine desire. Man’s decisions are influenced, but not caused (Sadegh, 2011). The question of free will has important implications for our moral responsibility. If we do not have free will, and our behavior is determined by what came before us, like our environment, genetics and our parents then what does that mean for our justice system and our idea of crime and punishment? How do we treat individuals who commit crimes if we believe their backgrounds led them to the crimes? The third approach towards the issue of Free will and Determinism is the compatibility view or a combination of both. This simply means that determinism and freewill are not absolute concepts and freedom is compatible with determinism because freedom essentially just a matter of not being constrained in certain way when one acts or makes a choice. The reality is that humans have some degree of free will within the boundaries of determinism. Normal adult human beings in normal circumstances are able to act and choose freely. No one is holding a gun to their heads. Therefore they are fully free to choose and act even if their whole physical and psychological makeup is determined by thing that they had no control over like genetic inheritance and early upbringing. It is true that our choices are limited by some circumstances, but it does not mean that we are not free in those circumstances. Only compulsion, panic or uncontrollable impulse really removes our freedom to choose. Even when our finger is being forced down on the button, we can still act freely in resisting the pressure. Going back to my hunger example, although hunger is a natural reaction to seek food, and man might not have control over this mechanism, he is certainly in control of the way he is reacting toward this need. What to eat, when to eat and even how much to eat, are some of the decisions that man can make. Of course we can’t do everything we want to do, we might want to fry unassisted or end civil war in Africa or even free all women from abuse. But that is not free will, free will is simply a matter of having true and genuine options and opportunities for action, and being able to choose between those options according to what we want and think. One of the strongest evidence for supporting free will is human conscience. When people do something that is against their moral values they feel shame and regret and they try to use their negative experience to avoid making the same mistakes in future. This behavior and emotional response indicate that humans have a free nature. The existence of shame is unexplainable with a deterministic view. The fact that people admire and praise the good and rebuke the evil is also a confirmation of free will. Growing up and going to school in a Muslim society, we were encouraged to think, talk and write about free will and determination. The main reason was to teach us the responsibility of our actions, despite knowing that God is aware and in control of everything. It might have been difficult to understand such a philosophical concept at the time but now I am at peace with this concept due to the early teaching of Islam. Islam provides a comprehensive answer to the Free will and determinism debate. Islam, more than 1200 years ago stated: No Determinism, No Free will but something in between. According to Islam, the choices of man are not entirely determined by God. Man indeed is a free agent and freely makes choices, but these choices are limited. One of the reasons for the creation of the world is to provide a ground for humans to flourish and qualify for divine satisfaction. God will reward or punish people in the hereafter based on their deeds. One way to characterize the concept of ultimate responsibility for one’s action is by refereeing to the story of hell and heaven. If we are responsible for what we do, then it make sense to propose that it could be just to punish some in hell and reward others in heaven. It makes sense because what we do is absolutely up to us. But, one certainly does not have to believe in the story of heaven and hell in order to understand and believe the notion of responsibility. Karl Popper, one of the greatest philosophers of the 20th century also recognised that there had to be some balance between complete determinism (clocks) and complete disorder and chance (clouds), (Haselhurst ,2012). â€Å"What we need for understanding rational human behaviour and indeed, animal behaviour is something intermediate in character between perfect chance and perfect determinism something intermediate between perfect clouds and perfects clocks (Popper, 1972, p.232)† (Haselhurst ,2012). 1. Ward, K. Baron, D’Holbach And Determinism, open source buddhism Oxford University Press (2005) 2. Sadegh, M (2011) Citing website. Free will and determination in Islam. Retrieved Feb 20, 2013, from http://www. bsharat. com/id/1/2/1jabr. html 3. Haselhurst, G, (2012) Citing website. Philosophy of Education. Retrieved Fed 20, 2013, from http://www. spaceandmotion. com/Philosophy-Free-Will-Determinism. htm.

Lewis Carroll Essay -- essays research papers fc

â€Å"Jabberwocky† Lewis Carroll Jabberwocky: Sense or Nonsense 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. "Beware the Jabberwock, my son The jaws that bite, the claws that catch! Beware the Jubjub bird, and shun The frumious Bandersnatch!" He took his vorpal sword in hand; Long time the manxome foe he sought-- So rested he by the Tumtum tree, And stood awhile in thought. And, as in uffish thought he stood, The Jabberwock, with eyes of flame, Came whiffling through the tulgey wood, And burbied as it came! One, two! One, two! And through and through The vorpal blade went snicker-snack! He left it dead, and with its head He went galumphing back. "And hast thou slain the Jabberwock? Come to my arms, my beamish boy! O frabjous day! Callooh! Callay!" He chortled in his joy. 'Twas brillig, and the slithy toves Did gyre and gimble in the wabe; All mimsy were the borogoves, And the mome raths outgrabe. 1886 Paraphrase In attempting to paraphrase this particular poem it must be considered that it derived from a book written almost purely of nonsense. Many of the words in this poem are the own creation of the author and only he knows the real interpretation. However, some of the words have been described in the book and others in letters by the author. The words of the previous poem are often a combination of two, maybe even three words, all put into one, while others are just nonsense and for the amusement of the reader. All things considered, here is an attempt at a line by line paraphrase of the poem "Jabberwocky". Jabberwocky: Sense or Nonsense It was evening, and the smooth active badgers Were scratching and boring holes in the hill-side; All unhappy were the parrots; And the grave turtles squeaked out Beware of the Jabberwock, my son! Of its jaws that bite, and its claws that catch! Be aware of the Jubjub bird, and shun The fuming and furious Bandersnatch! He took his mighty sword i... ...roll did in his works. Bibliography Blake, Kathleen â€Å"Lewis Carroll.† Dictionary of Literary Biography. Ed. Ira B. Nadel, William E. Fredeman. Rev. Ed. 18 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Company, 1983 Carroll, Lewis. Alice in Wonderland. Norton Critical Edition. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 1992. "Carroll, Lewis," Microsoft ® Encarta ® Online Encyclopedia 2000 http://encarta.msn.com  © 1997-2000 Microsoft Corporation. All rights reserved. Connell, Kate. "Opium as a Possible influence upon Alice Books" 22 Mar 2000. The Victorian Web. <http://landow.stg.brown.edu/victorian/victov.html>. Egoff, Sheila A. "Worlds Within: Children's Fantasy from the Middle Ages to Today. Chicago: American Library Association, 1988. Empson, William. "Alice in Wonderland: The Child as Swain." 1935. World Literature Criticism, 1500 to the Present. Ed. James P. Draper. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 1992. 634-35. Sewell, Elizabeth. The Field of Nonsense London: Chatto and Windus LTD., 1952. Smith, Karen â€Å"Lewis Carroll.† Dictionary Literary Biography. Ed. Meena Khorana. Rev. ed. 163 vols. Detroit, Michigan: Gale Research Inc., 1996

The History Boys Comedy Essay

The History Boys Essay 13. â€Å"Brilliantly funny†¦. but by the end, tears are as near as laughter. † To what extent can we read The History boys as comedy? One of the key factors that makes the History Boys such an iconic play is its witty comedic effect throughout the entire book. Using various techniques, such as parody, contrasting characters and clever juxtapositions within the plot, intelligent metaphors, bathos and many more.But at first glance the history boys could seem a typical dramatic themed book with a group of characters restricted almost entirely to a single location and a short period of time however looking deeper into the play you begin to notice the comedy reveal before your eyes. Within Hector’s French lesson, the juxtaposition of Hector’s character immediately contrasts that of the headmasters as soon as he walks in.Hector’s strangeness and open-minded character contrasted with the headmaster’s strict adherence to rules, regulations and formality with Hector interrupting the headmaster’s dialogue â€Å"Mr Hector, I hope I’m not. . . † with the informal gesture that is â€Å"an admonitory finger. † The use of the â€Å"admonitory† there comically reverses the power balance between the two characters, with Hector playfully showing that he has authority in his lessons, much to the shock of the headmaster who feels both humiliated and challenged enough to try and speak French and keep up with the students.The Headmaster finds difficulty in speaking French, having to hesitate and show non- fluency features in â€Å"Pourqoui cet garcon . . . Dakin , isn’t it? . . .est sans ses trousers? † having to switch back to English with simple words â€Å"trousers† for lack of knowledge showing low confidence which brings amusement to the boys and to the audience. The headmaster is a subject of mockery because of his unlikable character.This unlikable character is emphasised later in the book with the Headmaster using the word â€Å"silliness† to describe the exercise that Hector had made the boys take part in and then taking back what he had said, saying â€Å"not silliness† showing that he is hypocritical with what he says to the boys in order to encourage them with their studies, which he only says to allow himself to have his school higher up in the league tables â€Å"Yes, yes. I know that, Dorothy. But I am thinking league tables. Furthermore the fact the French scene is allowed to go ahead in lessons demonstrates the boys and Hector are willing to cheekily challenge and mock authority figures with their intelligence, all knowing French to a better degree than the Headmaster. The use of â€Å"ma tante! † creates bathos for the pretend character with â€Å"tante† showing desperation for ideas to keep the lie going. The following questioning â€Å"sa tante? † by the Headmaster and Timms’ repl y of â€Å"la famille entiere† as if the headmaster missed something embarrassingly obvious adds to the comedy because the boys team up with each other to justify and ridicule the headmaster.Irwin’s unexpected input of â€Å"Il est commotionne, peut-etre? † is another example of Bennett’s clever character juxtapositions but also of using unexpected events to contrast what was being done before it, with the stage directions of â€Å"the classroom falls silent† suggesting that the boys’ found it rude and out of place for Irwin to but in. The language â€Å"fall silent† contrasts with the hectic and the loud situation that occurred before it, using Irwin’s awkwardness to change the tone of the scene. Hector not knowing what the word means and using the interrogative â€Å"comment? † adds to this awkwardness.There are many important scenes throughout this book where you can feel the comedy seeping through even though some ma y say it shouldn’t be used while writing about certain topics, including the scene in which Hector and the Head master are discussing the matter of â€Å"a man†¦fiddling. † In this scene I really agree with the question in whether the history boys is seen as a comedy as you can’t help but thinking Bennet may have used some of the characters personality traits to bring a humorous feel to a dark subject but not to make an audience laugh out loud necessary but instead to make them feel uncomfortable with inappropriate laughter. Ah think† Hector once again in the book uses his quick wit and intelligence to frustrate the headmaster giving a sarcastic response to a question the headmaster clearly wants answering and for him not to use his poetry and intelligence to get him out of a situation as he normally would do so. â€Å"I have no idea. What women know or don’t know has always been a mystery to me. † using the word women hector tries to re late to the audience and make a remark about men and women in general, suggesting that does any man know what women do or don’t know which may have been intended to make the audience laugh and leave them wondering hy Hector isn’t taking this matter seriously and is instead making jokes, showing how time and having a modern audience viewing this brings shock to us as issues such as this would been taking much more seriously and probably involved police but the headmaster is more worried about how the school may come across if he has to fire Hector then the actual behaviour that he has displayed â€Å" I do not want to sack you. It’s so untidy. The use of historically details of a war battle is another way Bennett creates humour in the play but is also Bennet showing off how the boys will use their intelligence in almost all situations even sex, using â€Å"around 23:00 hours our forces withdrew† as metaphorical euphemisms for Dakin’s activities wit h Fiona, here bennet uses contrast in showing the not so exciting historical details with the exciting details of his own sex life. Bathos is applied when Dakin breaks off from his metaphor and uses the word â€Å"tits† and then cuts back into using his military jargon such as â€Å"front-line troops† and â€Å"territory. As Dakin goes further and further into detail Scripps makes a final comment on the matter â€Å"I can’t take any more. Enough† adds a final touch of humour to the matter as the audience can tell that Scripp’s is both jealous and disgusted at what he is hearing. Also highlighting the fact that he is deeply religious but also a teenager and the contradiction between the two of wanting to have sex and not wanting to displease God by doing so. The use of a historical metaphor is showing just how the boys will use anything that they can to make an intelligent joke.One of the history boy’s many strengths is its portrayal of the various individuals in the play. Using extremely contrasting personalities emphasizes the individuality and purpose of each character. One character that specifically stands out is Dakin, possibly the most socially dominant boy of the class and one of the most comical characters, helping the history boys to be seen as a comedy rather then a drama. Dakin is popular boy in his class, even in the whole school. He is, extremely witty.He is the most complicated and mysterious character throughout the play and only shows what’s on the surface, he does not show his emotions but his main purpose is to use his wit and desire to entertain and amuse the people around him. Even Mrs. Lintott says that he is â€Å". † Instead of being bad or naughty like normal teenagers, he plays with others and tests the people around him to create a comedic effect. We can see it through his â€Å"love† story. Even though he has a relationship with Fiona, a chool staff, he flirts with Irwin for he thinks that Irwin might be homosexual and would like to go out having some drink with him he might be bisexual yet, he does that just for fun, just for saying thank to Irwin, and just for answering his curiosity about Irwin’s way of life. There is also another funny scene later on in the play where the boys receive a piece of work from Irwin. Dakin is annoyed to find he hasn’t receives a good mark off his teacher which he longs to impress.Scripps comments on how his writing has changed to be like Irwin’s, Dakin denies it but then Posner, who has always had a crush on him, says â€Å"you copy him and I know because I copy you. † It shows another comedic moment in the book because it shows how Posner’s complete obsession with Dakin And how the other boys can just dismiss this behaviour as normal to them suggesting that the environment they grow up in has a lot of unusual behaviour in it.This is fundamentally a very funny book. The level of qu ickness of wit displayed definitely suggest that the history boys is a comedy with no doubt and that Bennets main aim was to show the lifestyle of A level adolescents making their final steps to adulthood before university with many serious and controversial subjects throughout using humour to allow these matters to be downplayed and create a fascinating and a memorable book. WORD COUNT : 1499 (minus the title and question quote)

4 Ways to Sustain Tourism Industry Essay

Sustainable destinations have achieved balance. They have balanced the long-term economic needs of residents with the short and medium term needs of businesses. They have done this by creating a diverse and value-laden tourism product that attracts a mix of domestic and international guests, many of whom are repeat visitors and have made a personal financial commitment to the destination. Sustainable destinations are managed by well-trained and committed staff. They have an up-to-date tourism plan which focuses on sustainable tourism. They have the personnel, resources, and political commitment to implement and monitor the plan. Achievements are tracked and made public. Tourists are consulted and their opinions are considered in plans. Safety is taken seriously and plans and policies exist for crisis, security, fire, health and safety. See more: Defining research problem and setting objectives Essay Sustainable destinations reinvest the profits from their tourism activities in environmental conservation and historic restoration and preservation. They demonstrate a thriving culture, strong social networks and increasing biodiversity. They show effective planning, substantial land and marine protection, increased energy and water conservation, and a reduction in solid waste per guest over time. They have an effective recycling and wastewater sanitation program that is carefully managed. They have taken steps to reduce the carbon footprint of their activities. Sustainable destinations are internationally recognized, valued by tourists for their environmental quality, and receive increasing value from tourist stays. Assessment We start by working together to establish a long-term view of the destination landscape, identifying sustainability risks and strategic growth opportunities. We facilitate discussions with stakeholders, while utilizing our innovative tools and expertise to develop a clear plan of action. Planning As we design and implement initiatives, we’ll prioritize critical impacts, build local capacity and set achievable benchmarks. Over time, we’ll help you implement these programs, track their progress, and monitor your results. Standards and Monitoring Sustainable tourism standards are the genesis of quality tourism planning. Our place-based solutions focus on the needs of the destination, while assuring that local tourism businesses meet third-party verified levels of quality and sustainability.

Cost and Quality Analysis Essays

Cost and Quality Analysis Essays Cost and Quality Analysis Essay Cost and Quality Analysis Essay Cost and Quality Analysis Effectiveness, safety, timeliness, patient-centered, equitable, and efficient are all elements of quality (McGlynn, 2005). The Institute of Medicine noticed that only half the time patients are getting effective care, disparities in direction remain extensive, medications errors are common, and enhancement of quality and efficiency could eliminate greater than 30% of healthcare costs (McClellan, 2013). It is estimated that in 2007 the national cost of healthcare was $2.2 trillion, or $7,500 per United States (US) resident. Health care expenditures explain 16.2 percent of the Gross Domestic Product and national health spending accounts for approximately 33% for hospitals, 20% for physician services, and 10% for pharmaceuticals. Costs are escalating rapidly in the US than any other country globally (â€Å"Guiding Principles,† 2008). Questions arise as to the relationship between quality and cost. Will increased cost result in superior care, or will superior outcomes assist in th e containment of cost? Indication of the direction of quality and healthcare costs are unpredictable. Studies have shown that the link between the two is small to moderate, irrespective of whether the path is positive or negative (Hussey, Wertheimer, Mehrotra, 2013). Roles The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) is a branch of the US Department of Health and Human Services. Their role is to reinforce research intended to develop the quality of healthcare, decrease its cost, improve patient safety, reduce medical errors, an expand access to vital services (â€Å"Related Public/Private,† 2008). The Joint Commission’s role is to constantly advance the safety and quality of care delivered to the public through the establishment of health care accreditation and associated services that back performance improvement in healthcare systems (â€Å"Related  Public/Private,† 2008). Activities AHRQ has many major activities that address quality and cost in healthcare. One activity is the use of risk management theory by nurses. Effective risk management necessitates nurses to identify risks before they happen to the patient. Jointly with a medication database, the medication regimen complexity index tool is used for measuring numerous characteristics of drug regimen complexity to decrease adverse reactions and higher costs, which is yet another activity used by the AHRQ (â€Å"Automated Tool,† 2013). The Joint Commission, on the other hand, has the Core Measure Solution Exchange ®. This is a web-based forum devoted to communicating solutions related to improving core measure performance rates (â€Å"Hospital Resources,† 2013). The National Patient Safety Goals is a sequence of exact activities to stop medication errors , for example miscommunication between healthcare providers, unsafe use of infusion pumps, and medication mistakes (â€Å"Joint Commission, † 2013). Both of these agencies are working together on some topics. The National Quality Measures Clearinghouse endorses extensive access to quality measures by the healthcare community (â€Å"Specifications Manuel,† 2013). It is sponsored by the AHRQ and includes Joint Commission measures. Current and Projected Initiatives AHRQ funded a national attempt to stop central line-associated bloodstream infections in US hospitals by executing a Comprehensive Unit-based Safety Program (â€Å"Eliminating CLABSI,† 2013). Another initiative that is hallmark is their support of a culture of patient safety and quality enhancements in healthcare organizations in the Nation, entitled, Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture. They subsidized the progress of patient safety culture assessment tools and sponsored the development of a comparative database on the survey (â€Å"Hospital Survey,† 2013). AHRQ initiated the Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project. This empowers research on a comprehensive assortment of health policy issues, comprising cost and quality of health services, medical practice models, access to health care programs, and consequences of actions at the national, State, and local levels (â€Å"Healthcare Cost,† 2013).ealthH The Joint Commission’s safety and cost initiatives revolve around quality improvements. They currently have an initiative to describe approaches for attaining improvement in the efficiency of the transitions of patients between healthcare facilities, which include continuance of safe, quality care for patients (â€Å"Hot Topics,† n.d.). They developed a tool, Targeted Solutions Tool (TST)â„ ¢ for Hand-off Communications, which gauges the efficiency of hand-offs in hospitals and between facilities and offers solutions. They also have TSTs for hand hygiene and wrong site surgery. Another initiative is the National Quality Core Measures. They have 14 different actions that have specific core measure sets under them. Some core measures that they are reviewing are perinatal care, venous thromboembolism (VTE), tobacco treatment, immunizations, and stroke (â€Å"Core Measure,† 2013). Another initiative is the Cooperative Accreditation Initiative. This initiative†™s focus is to decrease the cost and repetition of survey and review activity practiced by healthcare organizations (â€Å"Facts About,† 2013). Implications for Nurses Nurses are instrumental to the delivery of high quality and efficient care. Efforts by organizations to maintain labor costs, while maintaining quality standards, have major effects on the nursing staff. A model that depicts this is Transforming Care at the bedside. The goal is to involve front-line staff and hospital leadership to make enhancements in four areas: refining the quality and safety of care; safeguarding a high-quality work environment to entice and retain nurses; cultivating the proficiency of care for patients and families; and improving the efficacy of the entire healthcare team. An advanced degree that describes this is the clinical nurse leader role. It is intended for nurses that want to bring about positive changes, but stay at the bedside. Staffing and organization of hospital nursing influences quality and cost (Needlemen Hassmiller, 2009). What nurses do affects the patient’s quality of care and hospital cost. Nurses provide continuous monitoring and as sessment, provide interventions to decrease or prevent complications and harm, collaborate with other healthcare workers, and provide education. Analysis shows that the biggest cost savings of increased staffing result  from decreased lengths-of-stay (LOS). Reduced stays not only reveal decreased problems that prolong stays, but the aptitude of nurses to perform their work and manage the work of others in a timely and effective way. This demonstrates their capability to affect efficiency as well as quality (Needlemen Hassmiller, 2009). Emergency departments are diligently looking at ways to decrease LOS. The insinuation of the evidenced-based practice (EBP) competency for nurses indicates that nurses are required to research the best resources of evidence; express strong, quantifiable questions; and understand how to assimilate new findings into practice (Wakefield, 2008). An example is the direction that organizations are moving to have work environments and procedures be lean, thus improving quality, process, cost, and production. Nurses will need to use EBP to work more efficiently and be lean. Conclusion Improving the quality of hospital organizations has become an extremely notable public and private business, as clients, accreditors, and private facilities try to set norms and inspire accomplishments. Simultaneously, the management of hospital costs has been in the forefront. Attempts to influence labor costs have key effects on nurses. Many organizations are coming up with strategic ways to improve this quality, while controlling costs. The AHRQ and The Joint Commission have been enormously helpful in assisting hospitals with ways to improve quality by maintaining the basic elements of effectiveness, safety, timeliness, patient-centered, equitable, and efficient nursing care. They reveal opportunities to support our customers, healthcare workers, and healthcare organizations in improving care and thus preventing needless health care costs. References Automated tool to determine medication regimen complexity may help identify patients at high risk of adverse events. (2013). Retrieved, from AHRQ at ahrq.gov/news/newsletters/research-activities/13sep/0913RA7.html Core measure sets. (2013). Retrieved, from The Joint Commission at jointcommission.org/core_measure_sets.aspx Eliminating CLABSI, a National patient safety imperative: Final report. (2013). Retrieved from  AHRQ at ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/cusp/clabsi-final/index.html Facts about the cooperative accreditation initiative. (2013). Retrieved, from The Joint Commission at jointcommission.org/facts_about_the_cooperative_accreditation_initiative/ Guiding principles for the development of the hospital of the future. (2008). Retrieved, from The Joint Commission at jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/Hosptal_Future.pdf Healthcare cost and utilization project (HCUP). (2013). Retrieved from AHRQ at ahrq.gov/research/data/hcup/ Hospital resources and tools. (2013). Re trieved, from The Joint Commission at jointcommission.org/accreditation/hospital_resources_and_tools.aspx Hospital survey on patient safety culture. (2013). Retrieved from AHRQ at ahrq.gov/professionals/quality-patient-safety/patientsafetyculture/hospital/ Hot topics in health care: Transitions of care: The need for a more effective approach to continuing patient care. (n.d.). Retrieved, from The Joint Commission at jointcommission.org/assets/1/18/Hot_Topics_Transitions_of_Care.pdf Hussey, P. S., Wertheimer, S., Mehrotra, A. (2013). The association between health care quality and cost: A systematic review. Annual Internal Medicine, 158(1), 27-34. doi:10.732/0003-4819-158-1-201301010-00006. Joint Commission FAQ page. (2013). Retrieved, from The Joint Commission at jointcommission.org/about/JointCommissionFaqs.aspx McClellan, M.B. (2013). Improving healthcare quality: The path forward. Retrieved, from brookings.edu/research/testimony/2013/06/26-improving-health-care-quality-mcclellan McGlynn, E. A. (2005). U.S. health care: Facts about cost, access, and quality. Retrieved from Rand Health at rand.org/content/dam/rand/pubs/corporate_pubs/2005/RAND_CP484.1.pdf Needlemen, J. Hassmiller, S. (2009). The role of nurses in improving hospital quality and efficiency: Real-world results. Retrieved, from Health Affairs at http://content.healthaffairs.org/content/28/4/w625.full.pdf+html Specifications manual for Joint Commission national quality measures (v20135). (2013). Retrieved, from The Joint Commission at http://manual.jointcommission.org/releases/TJC2013B/IntroductionTJC.html

How To Make Small Talk With Your Boss

How To Make Small Talk With Your Boss Stuck in the elevator or the break room when your boss comes in? Suddenly panic and get tongue-tied? Want desperately impress but not to look in any way desperate? Never fear, you’ll no longer have to spend the rest of the day regretting your awkward small talk drivel. Here are 7 tips on how to talk to your boss without looking stupid or insane.1. Remember their humanity.Your boss is also a person. I know that can be hard to keep in mind, but it’s important to remember. Don’t overanalyze and read things into every single thing she says. Keep in mind she might be tired or having a bad day, or just preoccupied, and doesn’t mean anything by what she says. Bosses get to be introverted or awkward too!2. Read the signs.Body language is your friend here. Take note of your boss’s stance and gestures, then compare those to when he talks to other colleagues or co-workers. That furrowed brow might just be the way his face looks- not a sign he’s mad at y ou! If he looks really busy and closed off, leave the conversation to a minimum and try to charm him on another day.3. Know your answer.Guaranteed the first question you’ll be asked is â€Å"How are you?† or â€Å"How’s it going?† Don’t be caught out by this obvious first conversational parry. Have an answer ready that won’t trap you in the â€Å"Good. And you?† â€Å"Good† dead end. Pivot to a conversation about something you’re both working on, or some piece of company or industry news. Try to keep the conversation 80/20 about cool interesting work-related things, vs. personal matters- yours or hers.4. Trader Joe it.Ever been in a Trader Joe’s? Those employees are pathologically pleasant and instantly put customers at ease. Be easygoing and forthcoming. Throw in a few details and a charming smile and you might just make a lastingly positive impression.5. Talk about them.Accomplished people love nothing more than to talk about themselves. Give your boss a bit of leeway to do just that. Compliment a recent project or accomplishment of theirs, then sit back and let them direct the conversation.6. Talk travel.Particularly if your boss just got back from traveling or from vacation, you can always just ask how their trip went and then sit back and hear all the jealous-making details. Bonus points if you have some nice trivia or intel about the place they’ve just come from or are going next.7. Problem solve.If there’s a particularly stick or baffling bit of an upcoming project you’re working on, it can be a great idea to get your boss involved. Make her a part of the excitement of problem solving. Two heads are always better than one! Plus it gets your boss looking at how devoted and intent you are on doing excellent work for her and for the company. Bonus!

Is It Important To Be Civilized Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Is It Important To Be Civilized - Essay Example Is It Important To Be Civilized? The use of civilization and connected notions are contentious because they may mean inferiority and superiority, and may also mean directionality to social transformations that may or may not be desirable or realistic. A civilized individual is one who has respect for other people, have an open mind, and treat others as he would expect of others. This paper will discuss if it is essential for an individual to be civilized. The paper will agree with Mark Rothko’s statement in relation to civilization. For a person to be successful in any field, he or she should be civilized. The individual should be well conversant with subjects from a number of fields. Nevertheless, civilization does not only mean to be educated. This is because a large number of individuals are not open minded or are not mindful of others. On the other hand, if a person is educated in a number of disciplines, for example, Sociology, Anthropology, Literature, Theology, Philosophy, Mythology, and Archeology, he or she would have a significant prospect on what it entails to be civilized. These subjects concentrate on the understanding that dissimilar cultures have their sole ways of how a person is civilized. Also, every nation and subcultures within nations contain specified techniques of teaching and defining what it entails to be civilized. For instance, the novel technologies introduced in 1994 contained tremendous promise for interdisciplinary subjects and specifically for American studies.

Triangular Love Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Triangular Love - Research Paper Example in most western countries foster independence from a young age, so individuals have autonomy in their life decisions including their selection of a mate. Collectivist cultures on the other hand, prioritize the goals of the group or ‘collective’ over their own desires; they identify themselves in accordance with the relationships they have with other people, such as family, extended family and friends (Myers, 2005). Collectivist cultures evident in many Eastern countries promote dependence or interdependence that cultivates a concern for others in all decisions made throughout a person’s lifetime, including their selection of a mate, which in some cases is made for them. Sternberg (1986) hypothesized love as a phenomenon that changes many times; in other words it is a process with three interrelated constituents that he conceptualized as a triangle: intimacy, decision/commitment and passion. Sternberg (1986) describes intimacy as love pertaining to â€Å"closeness, connectedness, and bondedness† (p.119); while decision/commitment relates to the â€Å"decision that one loves someone else† and the â€Å"commitment to maintain that love† (p.119); passion on the other hand refers to the â€Å"drive that leads to romance, physical attraction, sexual consummation†. As love is revolving and varying the three components are not necessarily evident at one time or they may not be balanced. Sternberg also posits that the three triangular components can come together in combinations that generate eight different types of love (1986, 1988), and one relationship is capable of experiencing all eight types over time. Within an individualistic culture a person very often selects their mate based on passion and desire for the other person which Sternberg calls infatuated love and they then make a decision to commit to the relationship; thus two components of Sternberg’s triangle are combined to form what he refers to as fatuous love. With the ability to make their own

The retail mix analysis for Zara in uk Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The retail mix analysis for Zara in uk - Essay Example Competitive Advantage in Zara Zara in the United Kingdom is a successful Fashion that has been in existence for over five years and has kept a high profile as a supply chain. The administration of Zara has been reporting the contributing factors to the retailer’s achievements as the use of modern information exchange. The first element of competitive advantage of Zara is majorly proper monitoring and study of the dynamic consumer needs. Zara through the Marketing Department conducts systematic research on the specific needs of the fast fashion consumers in order to provide relevant services and design items (Tadros, 2010). This has led to sustainable business due to unique designs and fashions for customer orders. The second aspect of competitive advantage is Financial Leveraging. Zara through partnership with other fast fashion retail chain stores in the UK manages to access adequate funding for its production and operational costs. This enables Zara to triumph against its cl ose competitors such as Top-Shop and Mango. Partnership enables Zara to spread its financial obligation and deficits that may arise to the partners and eases the financial burden of entire organization (Laermer & Simmons, 2007). Thirdly, Zara has a systematic and strategic implementation of the fast fashion model, which allows flexibility of decision making by allowing members staff to get involved in decision making indirectly through contribution of ideas. As this takes place, and indeed, it really happens, it applies creativity, technicality and excellence in production among other departments through the sharing of information. Fourth, Zara exercises teamwork (Pahl & Mohring, 2009). As they work in a big team, the members of staff nurture the potential to make valid decisions and at the right speed. It also becomes easier to implement the emerging needs for changes in the manufacturing sector in a profound fast fashion system. The team building takes the decision makers through the ordinary models to construct aspects of flexibility in the lines of production. Finally, there is a perpetual accessibility of information, which makes Zara to predict the future market needs based on the changes in fashions and styles in the rapidly transforming markets and the changing trends of economic development. 2. SWOT Analysis of Zara 2.1. Strength Zara has a number of strengths that enables it to have an upper hand against its competitors. First, Zara is able to access large quantities of stock based on its leveraging and access to finances. It is a boosting factor for its production targets, by which it stands to gain through the economy scale. Majority of its competitors do not have stable cash flow, hence they do not hold as much stock as Zara (Kardes et al., 2011). An Example of such competitors is Mango. The second strength for Zara is the establishment of market and research through which it produces relevant and fast moving products and services. Zara keeps a go od track of the market products and identifies the relevant needs and specifications of customers. Zara does a proper market study through its marketing promotions and gathers the consumer opinions to enable the production sector to adopt the emerging customer requirement. Fast fashion business has thus favored Zara since it began its implementation of flexibility in production brands. 2.2. Weakness Zara, like other fast fashion chain stores in the UK has its weaknesses, which poses a risk of losses and a